Improvement in wind-wheels



UNITED STATS' SAMUEL WEBB BIARTIN, OF SPRING-FIELD, lllO, ASSIGNOR T() lfll IEAS l.

`. MAST, OF SAME PLAGE,

IMPROVEMENT nu wiNo=W|iEELa l fipeeilieation forming part of Letters Patent No. QQTJSQ, dated August Q0, 1h78; application filed March .1.5, 1878. v

To all whom it may coaccrm Beit `known that I, SAMUEL W. MARTIN, of Springiie1d,in*the county of Clarke and State of Ohio, have invented certain .Improvements in lNindWheels, of which thefollowing is a spe fication: .l Thisinventionrelates to that class of selfgoverningwindmillsin which the wheel is arranged to swing around horizontally toward the tail-vaneas the force of the wind increases, and-more/especially to that peculiar class of wheels in, whichthe weight of the tail-vane is applied to assist in returning the wheel to its normal position. p A

The improvements consist in providig` the turn-table or head on which the wheel is mounted With a crank-arm to receive the 'connection on which the weight of the tail-vane is received, and lin, lmaking the length of this crank-arm adjustable for the purpose of increasing or` diminishing the force with which the weight cti the -tailfvane acts upon the turntable lto rotate the same; in the use of a rotary ringer collar, to sustain the tail-vane mounted around the journal or neck of the turn-table, in. the manner hereinafter described; and in the peculiar inannerof connecting the tail-vane to this collar.

Referring to the drawing, Figure 1 repre.- sents a side elevationof the wheel, having my improvements embodied therein; Fig. 2, a top plan View of the same, with one side of the turn-table broken awayin order to showthe4 connection of the tail-vane to the collar; Figf 3, a vertical central section oiLthe wheel on the line a: moflFig.. 1t.

A representsthe mast or support for the cn' tire wheel B, a vertical tubular sleeve, mounted in the top of the support A, and provided with a horizontal flange, a, bearing thereon, andv also provided at the upper end with an annu- D represents acollar or ri n g, mounted around the neck or journal of the turntable C, between the top of the sleeve B and the top of the table, and provided, as shown in Fig. 3, with agroove in its upper side to receive the flange c of the table, and on its under side with a 'liange,f,

which enters the annular groove b in the sleeve B, as clearly represented 'in Fig.

Under the above arrangement of parts, it will be observed that the weight of the turntable is received upon the ring or collar D, which latter, in turn, bears upon the top of the sleeve B. This arrangement of parts, while holding/the table and the ring securely in position, admits of their rotating freely and independently of each other. For the purpose of limiting the rotary motion of the collar and table in relation to cach other, the table` is provided, as shownin Figs. l and 2,.witha depending arm, g, and the sleeve or collar,`pro

vvided with two shoulders, h, against which the arm strikes when the desired limit of movement is reached. On each side of the collar or sleeve D there is cast a stud or tran-- shown in Fig. l, the table being in turn held ``lown to its proper place by means of a collar,

k, fastened upon its lower end below the sleeve B, as shown in' Figs. l and 3.

Upon the turntable there is secured a rigid upright standard, I, the upper end of which is provided with ears to support a horizontal eyebolt, J, which extends backward therefrom, and the eye of which standsbehind, andone side of the line passing through the vertical axis of the turn-table and its collar l). The standard, with the backwardlyextending eyebolt, 'forms in effect a crank-'arm upon the turntable. From the end of the cyebolt a rod, K, extends backward, and is attached to the tail-vane by means ot' a pivot, as shown,

preventing the vane from falling, as it would otherwise do, on account of its pivotal connection to the sleeve or collar l). As usual .in

'this class of mills, the shaft of the wheelis lo- FCE.`

2 coarse cated to one side, or out of line with the vertical axis ot' the turn-table, the shaft and the vertical standard to which the tail-vane is attached being arranged on opposite sides ot' the vertical axis, as shown inthe drawings.

Under the above arrangements of parts t-hc weight of the vane, drawing the rod backward, causes the same to draw the rear end of the eyebolt or crank-arm backward in such manner as to draw the turn-table around in such position that the shaft of the wheel will stand in line with the longitudinal axis of the tail-vane, or, in other words, so that the wheel will be held with its face directly toward the wind. When the force of the wind exceeds the proper limit, it causes the wheel and turntable 'to swing around sidewise, whereby the face of the wheel is presented obliquely to the wind, which is thus prevented from giving the wheel an excessive or dangerous speed. As the turn-table swings around, the rear end of the eyebolt or crank-arm is thrown forward, and caused, through the connecting-rod, to elevate the tail-vane, the weight of which serves to bring the parts to their original positions, with the wheel facing the wind as the force of the latter again diminishes. The rate of speed to which the wheel is limited. depends, ofcoursenpon theamount of resistance which the weight of the tail-vane offers to Jthe side movement of the wheel in relation to the vane. In order that this resistance, and consequently the speed of the wheel, may be varied as may be desired, I provide/the eyebolt to which the vane-supporting rod is ccnnected with a screw-thread, and secure it in place in the standard by means of' nuts o, 'as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, whereby a longitudinal adjustment of the bolt is permitted, so that its eye may be set nearer to or farther from the Vertical axis ofthe turn-table. B y adjusting the eyebolt backward, and thereby throwing its end farther from the axis of the turntable, the weight of thc vane is applied with an increased leverage upon the turn-table, which is thereby l caused to hold the wheel against the wind until the latter attains an increased speed. By adjusting the bolt forward, the leverage ot' the vane is decreased, the table and wheel permitted to turn more easily from the wind, and consequently the wheel limited to a lower rate of speed.

While it is preferred to'usc 4the ey ebelt and its supportingstandard in the manner shown, the vane maybe otherwise connected with the turntable, provided the point of connection is `susceptible ofgidjustment io and from the ver tical axis of thctablc. i

The essential feature oi ny invention in this regard consists inl so constructing the parts that the leverage or strain due to the weight of the tail-vane may be increased and diminished at will.

. Byintrcducing the sleeve or collarl), which supports the tail-vane, around the neck of the turn-table, between the said table and its supporting-sleeve, I am enabled to give a firm and solid support to both the wheel and the vane. to permit their free rotationhorizontally independent of each other, and to construct the parts very cheaply.

The form of the ring or collar D maybe modied as desired, provided it is adapted for use in the position shown. The manner of l connecting the tail-,vane to the collar or ringd may alsofbe modiiied; but the construction shown is considered the best that can be used. I am aware that it is old to 'mount the wheel and the vane on independent turn-tables or4 heads, and to locate the vane-table between a baseplate and the table which sustains the wheel, and hence I lay no claim thereto.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. In a wind-wheel, the combination of a turn-table carrying the wheel and provided with an upright standard or crank arm, an independentlyrotating turn-table, a tail-vane connected to the latter iu such manner as to have a vertical movement, and a suspending device connecting the vane with the crankarm, substantially as described and shown.

2. In a wind-wheel, the combiuatiouot' a wheel-supporting head or'turn-table, an indepemlently-rotating head or turn-table, having a vertically-movin g tail-vane attached thereto,

and a suspending connection between the tailvane and the wheel-supporting head, substan-y tially-as shown and described.

3. The rotating milli head or' table provided with the standard andl its adjustable eyebolt f or arm, iu combination with the vertically-mov-v ing tali-vane and its sustaining-rod.

4. In combination with the sleeve or bear ing IE and `the mill-head C, having an ciongated neck to enter the same, the independently-rotating sleeve or collar to supportthe to hold said parts together, substantially as' shown.

7. A windmill having a turn-table provided with truunions, in combination with tail-vane having forked arm F','1nounted upon said trunnions, substantially asshown.

SAM UEL" WEBB MARTIN. Witnessesz' v 

